Palm trees blowing in the wind and rain as a hurricane approaches a tropical island

Study Shows How Climate Change Fueled Hurricane Melissa

When Hurricane Melissa hit Jamaica last week it was one of the strongest recorded hurricanes in the Atlantic at 185 miles per hour. For perspective, Hurricane Gilbert in 1980 tops the record at 190 miles per hour.

A recent study conducted by the Imperial College in London England, using an Imperial College Storm Model called IRIS, found that climate warming increased Hurricane Melissa’s speed by 7 percent and that “it is unlikely that Melissa would have happened without climate change.”

IRIS is a model that …

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US state flag of New York

New York to Invest $26 Million to Address Climate Change and Protect Water Quality

Gov. Kathy Hochul recently announced two grant opportunities totaling $26 million for projects aimed at addressing the impact of climate change and protecting water quality across New York State.

Twenty-four million of these funds will be made available through the Climate Resilient Farming Grant Program (CRF), and the remaining $2 million will be provided through the state’s Ecosystem Based Management Program’s Stream Corridor Management Pilot Program.

Climate Resilient Farming Grant Program

The CRF Program is funded through New York’s Environmental Protection Fund and is also …

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emissions

Another Climate Change State Court Victory for Energy Companies

A South Carolina State Court judge in City of Charleston v. Brabham Oil Company, Inc., et al., dismissed on Aug. 6 an action against nearly two dozen oil and gas companies. The suit, initially filed in 2020, alleged the defendants contributed to harmful climate change and deceived people about the dangers of their fossil fuel products.

In granting the energy companies’ motion to dismiss the City of Charleston case, the state court judge concluded that state tort and consumer deception laws could not be …

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Smoke emerging from chimneys

What in the World?! ICJ Issues Landmark Opinion on Climate Change

In a unanimous decision on July 23, 2025, the fifteen judges on the United Nations’ International Court of Justice (“ICJ”), also known as the “World Court,” concluded that the production and consumption of fossil fuels “may constitute an internationally wrongful act attributable to that state.” The opinion also stated that limiting global warming to 1.5C should be considered the “primary temperature goal” for nations and, to achieve it, they are obliged to make “adequate contributions.”

By way of background, this case was initiated by a …

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smoke stacks

Navigating Environmental Jurisdiction: DOJ’s Challenge to State Climate Superfund Laws

The U.S. Department of Justice filed lawsuits against New York and several other states, challenging their newly enacted state Superfund laws (Superfund lawsuits). The laws aim to address the environmental damages attributed to climate change by requiring fossil fuel companies to contribute to state-managed funds designated for climate adaptation and cleanup efforts. The lawsuits raise questions about state and federal authority to regulate environmental matters.

Climate Superfund laws at the state level are modeled after the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), …

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Young plant in the morning light on nature background

Earth Day 2025: States Step Up for Biodiversity Amid Global Goals

As we reflect on environmental stewardship this week, the accelerating loss of biodiversity remains one of the most critical challenges facing our planet. Healthy ecosystems provide essential services – clean air and water, pollination, climate regulation, and more – underpinning human well-being and economic stability. While international efforts aim to address this crisis, action within the United States increasingly relies on state-level leadership and legal innovation.

Globally, the primary framework for conservation is the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). In 2022, parties to the …

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Town-with-smog

California Retains Jurisdiction Over Fossil Fuel Companies Named in Climate Change Lawsuits

The ELM blog has covered several lawsuits filed over the past several years against major fossil fuel companies by plaintiffs seeking damages due to climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. The claims in these lawsuits have been based on not only common law principles such as public nuisance, but also state laws, including California’s consumer protection laws.

While these lawsuits have had slight differences, one common theme running through them is the defense raised by the oil companies that state courts, like California’s, lack …

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Flag of California

California will Soon Vote on Proposed $10 Billion Climate Bond

In one of its last official acts before starting its summer recess earlier this month, the California legislature passed a bill putting Prop 4 on the November ballot, which would allow the state to borrow $10 billion plus interest toward addressing climate change. Before it gained the moniker “Prop 4,” the bond measure was initially called SB 867 – The Safe Drinking Water, Wildfire Prevention, Drought Preparedness, and Clean Air Bond Act of 2024.

Passed on July 3 by both the California Senate and Assemblymembers, …

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power station

Federal Agencies Join White House in Outlining Principles for Voluntary Carbon Markets

On May 28, multiple federal agencies in conjunction with the White House published a Joint Policy Statement that laid out the principles for the further development of future, high-integrity voluntary carbon-credit markets.

The 12-page Joint Statement of Policy and New Principles for Responsible Participation in Voluntary Carbon Markets was co-signed by Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen, Agricultural Secretary Thomas Vilsack, Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm, Senior Advisor for International Climate Policy John Podesta, National Economic Advisor Lael Brainard, and National Climate Advisor Ali Zaidi.

The Joint Statement …

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Ecological catastrophy

ITLOS Issues Historic Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and International Law

On May 21, 2024, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) published what has been deemed as an “historic” and “unprecedented” advisory opinion on climate change, international law, and on state obligations regarding climate change. Sought by the international organization called the Commission of Small Island States (COSIS), the historic nature of this opinion comes from the fact that this is the first time an international tribunal has issued an opinion clarifying the international law obligations on states binding them to protect …

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